Google is in talks with SpaceX and other companies to explore potential launch options for Project Suncatcher, a research project focused on orbital AI data centers. The goal of the project is to determine if AI computing infrastructure can effectively operate in space.
Project Suncatcher revolves around a network of solar-powered satellites equipped with Google’s Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) – specialized chips used for AI tasks. These satellites would be interconnected in orbit, creating a system based on satellite constellations and TPUs. Data would be transferred between satellites using free-space optical links.
The initial phase of Project Suncatcher is set to commence with a learning mission alongside Planet Labs in early 2027. This mission will involve two prototype satellites to test the hardware and design in orbit.
Google has not specified a launch date for a full orbital data center network or how it will be accessible to customers. The project also explores the advantages of power availability in space compared to traditional ground-based systems, citing more consistent access to solar energy and the avoidance of day-night cycles and weather disruptions.
In terms of costs, Google’s research compares the expenses of launching satellites to low Earth orbit with terrestrial data center energy costs. The aim is to achieve a level where launch costs become comparable to energy costs on a per-kW basis over a spacecraft’s operating life.
Technical challenges lie ahead, including optimizing optical communication between satellites, ensuring radiation durability, thermal design, and addressing deployment economics. The prototype mission with Planet Labs will be crucial in testing the functionality of Google’s AI hardware, optical links, and satellite design in orbit.
SpaceX is being considered as a potential launch provider for Project Suncatcher, leveraging its experience in deploying satellite constellations through Starlink. The company’s reusable rockets are integral to its launch operations. Additionally, SpaceX has recently entered into an agreement with Anthropic to utilize the computing power of its Colossus 1 facility in Memphis for ground-based operations.
The collaboration with Planet Labs marks the next step in Project Suncatcher, with the focus on testing and gathering data for future developments. The project aims to push the boundaries of AI computing infrastructure by exploring the possibilities of space-based data centers.
[Photo by NASA]
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